One way to test the theory of inflation is to measure the imprint of inflationary ripples on the large-scale structure (LSS) of galaxies. SPHEREx will probe the statistical distribution of inflationary ripples by measuring the large-scale 3D distribution of galaxies.

The SPHEREx observing strategy naturally generates a wide+deep map at each ecliptic pole (the southern map will be shifted to avoid the LMC). Both maps will enable unique measurements of spatial fluctuations in the extragalactic background light (EBL) which will lead to new insights into the origin and history of galaxy formation.

SPHEREx will be a game changer in resolving long-standing questions about the amount and evolution of key biogenic molecules (H2O, CO, CO2, and CH3OH) throughout all phases of star and planetary formation.